Conferencias dadas en Santander

Uno de las cartas más importantes de Simón Bolívar. El seis de septiembre de 1815 Simón Bolívar escribe en Kingston la llamada Carta de Jamaica, piedra angular del pensamiento político y constitucional de la Independencia de las colonias españolas en América. Calificada también como #Carta profética#, se puede considerar la Charta Magna de la nacionalidad político-constitucional de los países libertados por sus ejércitos, de Venezuela a Bolivia. Sus visionarias y sobrias páginas justifican no solo el derecho de los pueblos latinoamericanos para la rebelión anti-imperialista,...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

En 1905, el emperador bizantino Alejo pidió ayuda a los estados cristianos de Europa occidental en su lucha contra los turcos, que barrían el Imperio tras la contundente derrota de los bizantinos en Mankikert (1071). A continuación se organizó la Primera Cruzada, protagonizada por varios ejércitos de «peregrinos armados» que marcharon a través de toda Europa hacia Tierra Santa. Estos ejércitos se encontraron con un mundo islámico dividido y fragmentado, y, mediante una serie de batallas aparentemente milagrosas, llegaron a tomar la sagrada ciudad de Jerusalén. Sin embargo, el...